Half of patients with a type A dissection die within 24-48 hours without appropriate treatment, and even with surgical management, mortality may exceed 25%. Prompt diagnosis and emergent surgical consultation are vital to achieve a favorable outcome, though sometimes even this is insufficient. Uncommon and difficult to diagnose, this condition is associated with serious, often lethal, complications. Thoracic aortic dissection should be considered for every patient presenting to the emergency department with chest pain or back pain, particularly if accompanied by neurologic signs or symptoms. Describe the features of a “complicated” Stanford type B dissection.Explain how the emergent management of Stanford type A dissection differs from that of Stanford type B dissection.Detail at least two benefits and two drawbacks of each of the following imaging modalities, as they relate to the diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection: CXR, CTA, MRI, TEE, and TTE.List at least three risk factors for acute aortic dissection.Describe the Stanford classification scheme for aortic dissection.Upon completion of this module, the student should be able to perform the following:
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